Review Questions for Exam #4:

Questions posted to this site

• April 19, 2001
• April 21, 2001
• April 25, 2001 at 7:25 p.m. (that's all folks)

Note: There will be a map quiz on Exam #4. For a listing of the places to be able to find on a world base map (the same small scale map used on Exam #2), look at the end of the review questions. There will be 17 questions from Exam 1, 17 from Exam 2, 17 from Exam 3, and 49 from new material.

Note: You can expect a five point bonus question on the final.

Chapter 9: East Asia:

1.    East Asia's first states emerged where the Huang He (Yellow) River reaches the coast. Upriver, south of the Ordos Desert, one finds the ____ Plateau. The soils of the plateau are fertile, windblown deposits. (pages 428, 429)

2.    It was perhaps 10,000-12,000 years ago that the Jomon people crossed from the East Asian mainland to the islands. The descendants of these Caucasoid people are the ____ of Japan. (pages 430, 477)

3.    The ruler of this Chinese dynasty, from 221-206 BC, is immortalized as "China"; this was the Ch'in or ____ dynasty. Today, well over 90% of China's population is ethnically ____; this name goes back to the Chinese dynasty that ruled from 206 BC to 220 AD). The last of the Chinese dynasties, which ruled from 1644-1911, was the ____ dynasty. (pages 432, 433)

4.    The Chinese call this region Xizang; westerners tend to call it ____. Why are there two names for the same place? ____ (pages 434, 427)

5.    China and the US share similarities in terms of size, latitude, and even climate. In terms of climate, what would you say is the most striking similarity between the two countries? ____ (page 437)

6.    China's most influential philosopher and teacher was ____. He has been lauded as a great progressive and criticized for his rigidity. Of the information presented on page 438, what is one of his teachings with which you agree? ____ (page 438)

7.    It is in China's ancient city of ____ that the 6000 life-sized terracotta soldiers and horses were found. Over history, it has experienced many periods of decline and rejuvenation. (page 439)

8.    In the early 1800s, China's social fabric began to unravel as the British starting importing ____ into China. Two wars were fought over the importation of this product; both times the Chinese lost. (page 440)

9.    What is extraterritoriality? ____ Give an example found today: ____ (page 442)

10.    Young people became the "Red Guards" and were charged with rooting out potential threats to China's communist system. Between 1966 and 1976, as many as 30 million died during this siege of terror and starvation. This episode was known as the ____. (page 444)

11.    Why were China's five autonomous regions (Nei Mongol, Ningxia Hui, Xinjiang, Guangxi, and Xizang) established? ____ (page 446)

12.    Via China's one-child policy, China's annual rate of natural increase fell from 3% in the early 1970s to about 1.2% by the mid-1980s. Along with the positive results have been negative consequences. What are two of these negative consequences? ____ and ____ (page 447)

13.    China's population is concentrated in what part of the country? ____. It is in this part of the country that one finds the capital, ____.  It is in the capital that one finds ____, home to the Manchu emperors, and Tiananmen Square. (pages 449-450, 454)

14.    The Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River begins in the Tibetan Highlands and flows into the sea near China's largest city. This city is ____. One of the world's largest engineering projects (and the largest dam in the world)  is being built on the Yangtze; this dam is commonly called the ____.  (pages 454, 456, 457)

15.        Prior to 1959, when communist China crushed Tibet's revolt and brought this once independent country into the Chinese fold, Tibet was a theocracy. At the head of this theocracy was ____ (he fled to India in 1959). (page 460)

16.    China's economic and social transition, which is now so very evident, was put into motion by ____, the successor to Mao. To help fuel the economic growth, Special Economic Zones were created. How do these zones spur economic growth? ____ (pages 462, 464)

17.    On June 30, 1997 at midnight, ____ was transferred from British control back to Chinese control. The name was changed to Xianggang SAR. It will maintain its own way of doing things for 50 years. (pages 466, 467)

18.    deBlij suggests that "the 21st century may witness a far more dangerous geopolitical struggle in which the adversaries may well be the US and China." Disputes could develop over a number of issues. What is one of these issues? ____ (page 471)

19.    Japan's modernization event in the mid-1800s is known as the ____. For help in modernizing, they turned to the British. It is because of this assistance during the 1800s that, for example, the Japanese drive on the left side of the road (as do the British). (page 474)

20.    The Tokyo metropolitan area is the biggest urban area on earth. It also faces an ever-present danger. What is that danger? ____ (page 480)

21.    To supply a protein stable in the Japanese diet, the Japanese have developed an industry that is larger than that of the US or countries in northwestern Europe. This industry is ____. (page 483)

22.    The situation we see in Korea today goes back to a decision made in 1945. What decision was made that impacts Korea's boundaries even today? ____ (page 485)

23.    When the Chinese nationalists were defeated in 1949, they fled to ____. They declared this place the "real" China. Of course, mainland China said they were the "real" China. Thus was born the two-China dilemma. (page 489)

Chapter 10: Southeast Asia:

24.    In the early 1960s, the US began sending U. S. military advisors and then troops into Vietnam. The US committed troops because of what has come to be called the domino theory; what is the domino theory? ____  As it turned out, the city of ____ fell to the communists in 1975; this city has since been renamed Ho Chi Minh City (after the communist revolutionary). (pages 508, 510, 511)

25.    In Cambodia in the mid-1970s, Pol Pot led the communist revolutionaries called the _____. Attempting to make the country a totally agrarian society, urbanites were turned out of the cities and forced to work the fields. It was a gruesome time, with perhaps 2 million (25% of the population) dying. Their reign of terror ended in the late 1970s. (page 512)

26.    The southeast Asian country of ____ used to be called Siam. Today, this country is known for its sex and drug trades. (page 516)

27.    The government in the country of Myanmar is brutal and repressive; the living conditions are deplorable. This is the southeast Asian country that many still call ____. (pages 517-518)

28.    In southeast Asia, one finds a country, part of which is on the mainland and part is made up of islands. This is the country of ____. Today, Malays make up 58% of the population and ____ comprise about 25%; other ethnic minorities account for the remaining 17%. (pages 518-519)

29.    In 1965, the tiny island of ____ became an independent country. Today, this is a wealthy country focused on high-tech industries. (pages 520-521)

30.    Over 13,000 islands make up the southeast Asian country of ____. One of its islands, ____, is home to 125 million people; it is one of the world's most densely populated places. (pages 521-523)

31.    This tiny southeast Asian country is actually an oil-exporting, Muslim country. This is the country of ____. (page 524)

32.    Over the centuries, a variety of ethnic peoples migrated to these islands. Today, as a result of all those influences, a distinctive culture has emerged. This country in southeast Asia is unusual, however, because it is over 80% Roman Catholic and evidence of the Spanish colonial period (for example, the architecture) abounds. This is the country of ____. (pages 527-530)

Chapter 11: Austral Realm:

33.    If you visited the country of ____, you would probably want to see the capital, Canberra. If you drove 500 miles northwest from Canberra into the dry interior of the country, you would experience what the Australians call the ____. (pages 538, 539)

34.    Australia is a federation; what does that mean? ____ (pages 539, 540)

35.    You may have read recently about the degradation of the Great Barrier Reef. Of course, most of this degradation is related to agricultural and mining activities adjacent to the reef. What are those activities? ____ (map on page 543)

36.    Unfortunately, Australia's legacy includes racist policies. For example, its indigenous population, the ____, are just now reclaiming their ancestral lands. And, up until the 1970s, you couldn't immigrate into the country unless you were ____ (name the skin color). (pages 544-545)

37.    Across the Tasman Sea from Australia lies the country of ____. The country is comprised of two major islands, creatively named North Island and South Island. The indigenous people's struggle for equality in this country goes back to the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi; the indigenous people are called the ____ (pages 546-549)

Chapter 12: Pacific Realm:

38.    The Pacific realm, with its huge number of islands spread over the vast ocean, can be divided into three regions. One of the many islands in ____ is Papua New Guinea; ____, of which the capital is Suva, is also in this region. The islands in the region of ____  are small; the Marshall Islands are in this region. Lastly, there are many islands in _____; the Hawaiian islands are part of this region. (pages 556-561)

39.    Encircled by the Southern Ocean is ____, a large continent sometimes referred to as the "white desert". Under a 1961 treaty, the continent was placed outside national sovereignty claims. (pages 562, 563)

Chapter 3: North America:

40.    The United States, unlike Canada, is a physically fragmented state. Explain what this means: ____ (page 155)

41.    While Canada's territory is slightly larger than that of the US, the country's population is only 11% of the United States'. About 60% of the Canadian people speak English and nearly a quarter speak ____. Four percent of Canada's population is either ____ (Amerindians) or ____ (Arctic peoples who used to be called Eskimos).  (page 155)

42.    In terms of fossil fuel resources, North America has huge ____ reserves. In fact, the U.S. probably has a 400-year supply. Let's see if we can learn to use it in an environmentally sound manner. (page 170)

43.    Canada has ten provinces and three territories. ____ is the newest territory, inhabited primarily by Inuit. In the western-most province of ____ one finds the very beautiful Vancouver Island. In the province of ____ one finds the Canadian capital of Ottawa. (map on page 175)

44.    During the week of April 16-22, Quebec City was very much in the news (because of the Summit of the Americas meeting there). Quebec City lies in the province of Quebec. Quebec has a particular cultural/political issue which the citizens fiercely debate and even vote on from time to time. What is the issue? ____ (pages 178-179, 185-186)

45.    On page 182 is a map of the regions of North America. If you were going to relocate to another North American region, which one would be your first choice? ____ Why? ____ (pages 181-196)

Lectures and Videos:

46.    In the video "Chinese Farm Family" we saw the ancient capital of ____. The characters for China mean "middle country" and this capital was in the middle of the middle country.  Under Mao, farm families (peasants) worked in collectives and prices for agricultural products were set by the state. How has that situation changed now? ____ All children are expected to attend school six days per week; outside school, at last some learn English by doing what? ____ (we saw the son doing this). The video ended with film footage of Chinese troops firing on students protesting for democratic reforms; this occurred in 1989 at ____.

47.    In our presentation by Liu Baiyi, he asserted that the Chinese culture is environmentally-centered. What did he mean by that? ____ According to Baiyi, one can look to Chinese ____, ____, and communism for insights into why the Chinese people think, act, and work collectively and cooperatively. What did you think was the most important point that Baiyi made during his talk to your class? ____

48.    Most agree that China currently has significant environmental problems. Their forests are dwindling, the water quality is poor, the water table is dropping, and the air quality is horrible in many places. Exacerbating the situation is the fact that economic growth is priority number one. An effort to stem some of the environmental damage while continuing on the economic growth path involves the construction of what will be the largest dam on earth. This is the ____ dam on the ____ river. The advocates say the dam will ____ and ____ (list two positive outcomes) while the critics argue that ____, ____, and ____ will result (or likely result).

49.    From the one-child policy to the crushing of the student protests at Tiananmen Square, from the destruction of the Tibetan culture to the persecution of the practitioners of Falun Gong, the Chinese are frequently criticized for their handling of various situations. One can actually group all these situations as prime examples of ____ violations.

50.    Chinese characters are ideographic, meaning that they convey meanings rather than sounds per se. It is difficult to translate these characters into the Roman alphabet that Indo-European speakers use. The first attempt was the Wade-Giles system, which gave us words like "Peking". In 1958, the Chinese developed a system called ____, which gave us words like "Beijing".

51.    China is often called a "hybrid" country. Explain what that means: ____

52.    In China, about 94% of the population is ____ (name the ethnic group) and the rest belong to one of 55 or 56 minority groups. Most of the people (about 983 million) speak the form of Chinese called ____; a smaller number speak Min, Wu, and Cantonese.

53.    During an in-class exercise, you decided which Chinese dynasties you might like to visit if you had access to a time machine. Name the dynasty you consider most interesting, the dates of its rule, and why you find it particularly intriguing. _____

54.    As an introduction to Southeast Asia, I read an essay entitled "Cultural Biases Make Heavy Baggage" written about the country of ____. What was the main point of the essay? ____

55.    In looking at the statistics on Southeast Asian countries, one sees a wide range of conditions, from very poor and rural to very wealthy and urbanized. The most urbanized country in this region is ____; this is country where "Big Brother" looms large. On the other end of the scale is the very poor, very rural country of ____; it was here that Pol Pot and his murderous Khmer Rouge went on a killing spree in the mid-1970s.

56.    Running in an imaginery line between Southeast Asian islands is ____, a line west of which one finds placental mammals and east of which one finds marsupial mammals. The birds and other species are also markedly different on the two sides.

57.    It is in Southeast Asia that one finds the world's tallest building, the Petronas towers; this building is in the country of ____. It is also in this region that one finds the ____, the area circling the Pacific Ocean where earthquakes and volcanoes are ever-present dangers.

58.    In the "Power of Place: Fertile Dreams" video we learned about the country of ____. Like China, changes in agriculture have been made in the past few years. Much of the rice produced in this country goes to the city of _____, the country's economic capital and export center for its rice.

59.    In the mid-1800s, the ____ colonized what is today Vietnam. After World War II, a struggle for control resulted in a communist North Vietnam and a democratic South Vietnam. As rebels from the south tried to reunite the south with the north, the United States got involved, eventually having as many as 500,000 troops fighting. A ceasefire was signed in Paris in 1973. Who won? ____ Today, a lasting legacy of the Vietnam war is the environmental destruction and the human health effects caused by the spraying of ____, a defoliant used to kill the leaves on trees. The sprayers' slogan was "Only we can prevent forests".

60.    As one travels up the northeastern coast of Australia, one encounters a tropical climate. It is here that the world's most famous coral reef, the ____, is located. Australia is a country of six states and two federal territories. The Northern Territory was created to protect the interests of the Aborigines, while the other territory is home to Australia's capital, ____.

61.    Europeans first colonized Australia for what purpose? ____ Later, in the 1850s, the population tripled in ten years; this population increase was in response to what? ____

62.    Australia's indigenous population may have migrated to this land 60,000 to 150,000 years ago. They are called ____. Their creation myth is called ____. In their teachings, humans, animals, nature, and the land are bound inseparably. About 1500 miles east southeast of Australia is the island country of ____. The indigenous population here are the ____.

63.    In the Pacific Islands, one finds Melanesia, ____ (the tiny islands), and ____ (the many islands). In the "tiny islands" one finds ____, a group of islands where the US tested nuclear weapons after WWII. Next door are the Marianas, a US territory. What is the issue today in the Marianas? ____

64.    Canada and the United States share much, as is evidenced by the world's longest undefended border running between the two. The US has a population of 281 million and Canada has 31 million. In the US, our indigenous population is collectively called Native Americans (or Indians), while in Canada indigenous peoples are collectively called ____. We were both British colonies and the Canadians patterned their government after the United Kingdom. Therefore, while we have a President, the Canadians have a ____; while we have a Congress, Canadians have a ____.

65.    Cultural and physical features delineate the North American realm. For example, in the province of ____, the citizens have twice voted on the issue of becoming a separate, French country. The old industrial hearth, north of the Ohio River, is now commonly called the ____. The Great Plains is the realm's breadbasket, largely because of the presence of North America's largest aquifer, the ____. In 1999, Canada created the new territory of ____; it is a territory primarily for the indigenous people called ____ (they used to called Eskimos). Finally, in the Pacific Northwest, one finds a temperate rainforest called the ____ (more than one appropriate response). What is happening to the salmon? ____

I'll have another world base map (just like the one used for Exam #2) on Exam #4. As on Exam #2, you will find letters on different countries. Be able to find the following countries: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cuba, France, Guatemala, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Liberia, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Western Sahara .......... As you are studying, I think that if you have a world map on your desk and you use it to identify the location of places, you will start to see how a lot of this information fits together. It might really help you understand - and move past memorizing.
 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Keys to Exam #4: Please let me know if I counted off for an answer that is correct.

If your first question began "The area...": (1) Levant    (2) Maghreb    (3) Atlas    (4) Aswan     (5) Libya
(6) Turkey    (7) rift valleys    (8) Niger    (9) Khoisan    (10) Madagascar    (11) Aryans    (12) Sanskrit
(13) Dravidian    (14) Kashmir    (15) Kerala    (16) Delhi (or New Delhi)    (17) Bangladesh    (18) Sri Lanka
(19) Sinhalese    (20) Tamils    (21) Istanbul    (22) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries    (23) Islam or Muslim    (24) Polisario Front    (25) Algeria    (26) Bantu    (27) Quran or Koran    (28)(29) giving alms, repeating the creed, making the pilgrimage [the hajj], praying 5 times per day facing Mecca, annual month-long daytime fasting [Ramadan]    (30) Kilimanjaro    (31) Kenya    (32) Cote d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast    (33) cocoa
(34) tropical dry winter (tropical savanna)    (35) true hot desert    (36) Ganges    (37) Congo    (38) Aryans
(39) Indus    (40) Buddha    (41) ejidos    (42) NAFTA    (43) Teotihuacan    (44) Tenochtitlan    (45) archipelago
(46) Indo-European    (47) Switzerland    (48) fjords    (49) Iberian    (50) balkanization

If your first question began "Looking at..." (1) Sunni    (2) Shi'ite or Shia    (3) Ottoman    (4) British                        (5) Palestine    (6) Iraq    (7) Tigris    (8) epidemic is regional; pandemic is global    (9) Ibo    (10) Biafra
(11) Apartheid    (12) Mandela    (13) Punjab    (14) Sikh    (15) common language    (16) English
(17) rice    (18) Nepal    (19) Bhutan    (20) Maldives    (21) Jerusalem    (22) Fertile Crescent    (23) Mecca
(24) Saudi Arabia    (25) Taliban    (26) Buddhist statues    (27) Canaan    (28) Zionists    (29) Palestinians
(30) governance, language, religion, architecture, etc.    (31) farm    (32) Liberia    (33) Nigeria    (34) petroleum
(35) tropical rainforest    (36) temperate dry winter, hot summer    (37) Narmada    (38) Bhopal
(39) Mohenjo Daro    (40) Mahatma Gandhi    (41) Fidel Castro    (42) Bay of Pigs    (43) Cuban Missile Crisis
(44) Chile    (45) Pinochet    (46) Poland    (47) Lenin    (48) Roma    (49) Norway    (50) isoline

Geography 152, Exam #3

Fill-in-the-blank. Please complete the sentence with the most appropriate word, phrase, or brief sentence. Use correct spelling. Two (2) points per blank.

The area extending from northern Egypt westward around the Mediterranean coast to Greece is called the
(1)____. Western North Africa is called the (2)____; it is here that one finds the (3)____ Mountains.

About 95% of Egypt's population lives within 12.5 miles of the Nile. It is on this river that one finds the
(4)____ Dam, a project so large that 50,000 people had been displaced by the time it was completed.

Muammar Gadhafi is the long-time ruler of the North African country of (5)____.

In the 1920s, under the leadership of Ataturk, the country of (6)____ became more westernized and secular.
With its prime location on the threshold of Europe, one might think that the country would be readily accepted
into the European Union. Such is not the case. Human rights are of particular concern.

In eastern Africa, one sees deep trenches formed as a result of faulting in the Earth's crust. These
trenches are called (7)____.

Africa is home to a number of great rivers. The (8)____ River begins in west Africa, flows inland toward the
Sahara, creates an interior delta, and then flows south where it creates another delta in Nigeria as it flows to the
sea.

While the dominant language family of Subsaharan Africa is Niger-Kordofanian, one ancient language
family is now spoken only among a dwindling number of people in the Kalahari. This is the (9)____ language
family.

Just 250 miles off the coast of southern Africa is the world's fourth largest island, (10)____.

As the Indus Valley civilization began to decline, Indo-Europeans called (11)____ invaded from Iran. Their
language, (12)____, diffused and differentiated into the languages of modern India. Even today, though, one finds
the languages that come from ancient people who inhabited India long ago. These languages, spoken in
southern India, belong to the (13)____ family.

In the north of India and Pakistan lies the territory of (14)____. This territory has been in dispute since 1947,
when a Muslim majority was ruled by a Hindu prince. This is still a very dangerous place.

India, with a huge population of over one billion, has 25 states, six union territories, and the national capital
territory. The diversity from place to place is amazing. For example, while poor, the state of (15)____ is
world-renowned for its high literacy rate, low population growth, and strong local government.

Calcutta was the British original colonial capital. Around the turn of the century, a new capital was built.
This is the city of (16)____. While a new city, it adjoins a very old city that has been the seat of government for
regimes many times over.

During the 20th century, 8 of the 10 deadliest natural disasters in the entire world struck the country of  (17)____.

Off the southern coast of India is the little island country of (18)____. Prior to 1972, it was called Ceylon. It is
here that a conflict still rages between the majority (19)____ (are Buddhist) and the minority (20)____ (are Hindu).
Some in the minority population would like to carve an independent country from the northern and eastern parts
of the island.

With as many as 10 million residents, (21)____ is the largest city in Turkey. While Turkey has prided itself on
its modern outlook, today it is experiencing a resurgence in fundamentalism.

Petroleum is present in many of the countries of North Africa and Southwest Asia. A number of these
countries are members of OPEC, which is the acronym for (22)____.

With 1.25 billion adherents, the world's fastest growing religion is (23)____.

In 1884, Western Sahara was colonized by the Spanish. In the 1970s a rebel organization, known as the (24)____, formed to fight for liberation. Unfortunately, when these European colonizers left in the mid-1970s, the
country was invaded by the neighboring country of Morocco. Today, many of the people of Western Sahara, who
belong to an ethnic group known as the Saharawis, are living outside their country in desert refugee camps. These
camps are in the country of (25)____. These people have been refugees for many years.

In our discussion of Subsaharan Africa, we learned that our species (Homo sapiens) emerged in Africa. While Africa was home to the Nile Valley culture hearth, it was also home to various ancient civilizations. The ancient civilization that arose in west Africa was Ghana. Later, a people of west Africa, called the (26)____, diffused east and then south. The Zulu of South Africa are descendants of these people.

The holy book of Islam is the (27)____. Muslim observe "Five Pillars". What are two of these pillars? (28)____
(29)____

In terms of physical geography, Africa is a land of high plateaus, many climates, and a rift valley. It is here, in eastern Africa that one finds a mountain called (30)____. This mountain, immortalized by Ernest Hemingway, is
now losing its famous snowy peaks.

Disease takes a staggering toll in Subsaharan Africa. Often, Africans are dealing with a combination of diseases. One disease, AIDS, is killing 6,000 Africans daily; 24 million are infected. In a "Power of Place" video featuring the country of (31)____, we learned about some of the difficulties of dealing with disease in Africa.

The west African country of (32)____, formerly a colony of France, had an active trade in elephant tusks back
in the 15th century. Today, this country is the world's largest producer of (33)____, an export crop. Unfortunately,
world prices for this commodity are low, making life difficult for farmers and workers alike.

What kind of a climate would you encounter in Colombo, In Mumbai, India (Aw)? (34)____ In Karachi, Pakistan (BWh)?(35)____

South Asia is in the news. From January 14th through 21st, 2001, an estimated 70 million bathed in the (36)____ River as part of Maha Kumbh Mela (Great Sacred Jug Festival). Believing that the nectar of immortality fell from four particular places in the heavens, the Hindu of India celebrated the alignment of planets in this same configuration. This alignment of planets will not be repeated for another 144 years.

The central Africa country of (37)____, formerly a colony of Belgium, was previously named Zaire. Civil war
has been this country's reality for the last several years. While it is a country in turmoil, it is also a country with a
large expanse of tropical rainforests and great biodiversity.

Sanskrit was brought to India by the (38)____. They invaded an area called the "Seven Rivers"; the greatest of
these rivers is the (39)____. It was these light skinned people who established the caste system.

The (40)____ (Prince Siddhartha Gautama), who probably lived from 563-483 BC, was born in northern India near the Ganges River. He taught that suffering is caused by our attachment to the senses and by human desires. The religion he spawned spread to Bhutan, Tibet, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka; however, it is not a major religion in India.
In Mexico, inequity in the distribution of land has been a perennial problem. In 1910, a man named Zapata
led a revolution aimed at creating a more equitable system. In 1917, a new constitution was adopted,
establishing a land reform process wherein communal lands, called (41)____, would be redistributed to the
peasant population. By the early 1990s, many of these progressive reforms had been rescinded. On January 1,
1994, a trade agreement called (42)___ came into force. Today, one of the outcomes of that trade agreements
is the proliferation of assembly plants along the Mexican-US border.

Under the Pyramid of the Sun in the first true urban center in Middle America was a seven-prong chamber,
which had symbolic significance. This pyramid is in the ancient city of (43)____.

The precursor to Mexico City was (44)____. It was built by the Mexica (or Aztecs, as we know them). The
Aztecs engaged in horrific human sacrifice.

A set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain is called a/an (45)____.

The dominant language family in Europe is (46)___. This language family includes the Germanic languages
(e.g., German and English), the Romance languages (e.g., Spanish and French), and the Slavic languages.

The country of (47)____ was originally a loose alliance of small sovereign units called Cantons. In the 19th
century, when a stronger central authority was desired, this country was formed. This is a country that, while
neutral, is heavily armed.

In the country of Iceland, one finds (48)____, the long, narrow extensions of the sea into the land; these
extensions are usually edged by steep valley walls.

Spain and Portugal lie on the (49)____ Peninsula. Spain is home to several nationalist groups, some of whom
would like to be independent of Spain.

The recurrent division, splintering, and fragmentation of southern Eastern Europe has come to be known as
(50)____.
 

Geography 152, Exam #3

Fill-in-the-blank. Please complete the sentence with the most appropriate word, phrase, or brief sentence. Use correct spelling. Two (2) points per blank.

Looking at the map on pages 284-285, one sees that the Islamic religion predominates throughout North
Africa and Southwest Asia. In most of these countries, the (1)____ sect is dominant; however, in Iran and parts of
adjoining countries, the (2)____ sect dominates.

In 1900, what is now the country of Israel was controlled by (3)____. In 1917, the same area was controlled by
(4)____. Prior to the declaration of the state of Israel in 1948, this area was known as (5)____.

In 1990, the country of (6)____ invaded Kuwait because of disagreements over oil. The invading country's
capital is Baghdad; Baghdad lies amid the productive farmlands of the plain of the (7)____  and Euphrates Rivers.

What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic? (8)____

Nigeria is a country with many, many ethnic groups. The major groups include the (9)____ of the southeast. In 1967, this group from the southeast tried to form a separate country; the country was to be named (10)____. The attempt failed, but many died during the ensuing civil war.

South Africa, while grappling with many serious problems, was once in the grip of a racist system called (11)_____ ("separate development" of the races). Finally, in the early 1990s this system was dismantled and, in 1994, blacks, whites, Asians, and coloureds were able to vote for their president. The man elected was (12)____.

In Pakistan, the core area is the (13)____. It is here that 60% of the country's population lives. India also has a
state with this name. In India, this is the stronghold of the (14)____ population.

The textbook states that British colonialism gave India a "lingua franca". What does that mean? (15)____
What is the lingua franca of India? (16)____

In India, agricultural production is low and many villages are accessible only by foot. India devotes more
land to (17)____ cultivation than any other country, yet per acre yields remain among the world's lowest.

Along the northern border of the South Asian realm lie two little countries. The people in both are primarily
Buddhist. In the westward one, (18)_____, tourism and deforestation have taken their tolls. To the east, the even
smaller country of (19)____ is officially a constitutional monarchy and has preserved its traditional ways of life.

Off the southwest coast of India lies a 1000 tiny islands known collectively as the (20)____. While today a
tourist mecca, the people fear that their beautiful little islands could one day disappear.

In a "Power of Place" video on cities in Israel and Turkey, we learned that (21)____ means "city of peace."
This is the city that both the Israelis and the Palestinians claim as their capital.

The agricultural hearth known as the (22)____ is located in the region of North Africa and Southwest Asia. It
was here that domestication of plants and animals began. Later, it was in this region that two of the world's
major culture hearths appeared.

Mohammed, the founder of the Islamic religion, lived in the city of (23)____ in what is today the country of
(24)____. He fled to Medina when people resisted his message of the one god, Allah. Followers of the Islamic faith
honor his journey today by undertaking arduous pilgrimages to these holy sites.

In 1994, the (25)____ (who call themselves "students of religion") vowed to end Afghanistan's factionalism by
instituting strict Islamic law. Today, while the "students" control most of the country, conditions are even more
deplorable than before. In fact, Afghanistan has been called the most blighted country in the world. Very recently, the Taliban raised the ire of the international community by destroying the country's (26)____.

From the religion of Judaism sprang Christianity and Islam. About 2,000 BC, the followers of this religion
(God's chosen people) migrated from Mesopotamia (today, Iraq) to (27)____ (today, Israel). After centuries of
persecution, a group of people called (28)____ began working to create a Jewish state. In 1948, Israel was created
as this Jewish state. In the years since the declaration of statehood, there have been a number of wars and
uprisings (including 1948-1949, 1967, 1973, 1980s, and today). Who are fighting the Israeli Jews? (29)____

Serious colonialization of Subsaharan Africa began after the 1884 Berlin conference. Today, while the Europeans are no longer physically in control of the Subsaharan African countries, there is much evidence of the Europeans' lingering influence. One of these influences (or legacies) is: (30)____

Subsaharan Africa has a growing (and young population). What do the majority of the people do for their
livelihood? (31)____

The west African country of (32)____, formerly known as the Grain Coast, was created for emancipated black
slaves from the U.S. Creating this country was not problem-free as ethnic groups, including the Kru, Mande, and
Mandingo, already lived in the area.

The west African country of (33)____, formerly a colony of the United Kingdom, today still struggles with the legacy of colonialism. Even the country's biggest moneymaker, (34)____, has been the source of problems as some have become wealthy while most remain mired in poverty.

What kind of a climate would you encounter in Colombo, Sri Lanka (Af)?(35)____  In Delhi, India (Cwa)? (36)____

A large dam, the Sardar Sarovar, has been at the center of controversy in India for several years. This is a dam, now under construction, on the (37)_____ River, which flows through central India. The dam will displace many poor, tribal families. Most of the water is likely to go to large-scale sugar cane production. The large dams are connected to the Green Revolution, as is the 1984 explosion at the Union Carbide pesticide-producing plant in the city of (38)____; this disaster has been called the world's worst industrial accident.

In Pakistan, excavations have uncovered an ancient city known as (39)____. The language has not been deciphered and no one is sure why the city died.

Most of South Asia was colonized by the British for 200 years. Riches were plundered and the people, for the most part, were treated as if they were children. As the colonial period drew to a close, two Indian leaders came to the forefront. One, (40)____, was a spiritual leader who taught non-violence and reconciliation; he was assassinated in January of 1948. The other, Nehru, was a political leader who served as independent India's first leader; he encouraged Indians to embrace western thinking.

In 1959, a young revolutionary named (41)____ came into power in Cuba. After confiscating about $1 billion
of North American property and investments, the US turned against him. In 1961, the US was involved in an
unsuccessful invasion of Cuba, dubbed the (42)_____. In 1963, the US and the USSR came entirely too close
to nuclear war during the (43)____.

In the country of (44)____, a socialist named Allende was elected in 1970. His defense minister led a coup d'etat in 1973. Allende died and the military man installed himself as dictator. Many political foes were killed during his 1973-1989 rule. In 1989, after allowing a democratic vote, he was not elected and so installed himself as commander of the Army. In 1998, he named himself senator-for-life. He is now under house arrest, pending a determination of whether or not he is fit to stand trial for the political crimes of his regime. This man is (45)____

Silesia is a legacy of the communist period. Once an industrial heartland, its people are today faced with soil
contaminated with heavy metals, severely polluted air, and other environmental problems. Silesia is in the
country of (46)____

In 1917, the communist party seized control of the Russian government. A man named (47)____ was elected
the leader of this new government. He used the ideas of Marx, an economic and philosopher, to shape his
vision of the USSR. Part of the idea was to move away from the exploitation of the workers by a handful of
greedy capitalists.

In the Czech Republic, one finds several 100,000 people who, as an ethnic group, have historically been
discriminated against. These people are gypsies, or (48)___.

One would find approximately 70,000 Sami people in the country of (49)____. After a period of discrimination,
these reindeer herders are experiencing a revitalization of their culture.

You are watching the TV weather report. The meteorologist shows a map with lines connecting points of
equal temperature; this is an example of a/an (50)_____ map.

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Geography 152, Exam #2A

Key: 1.Baikal (D)    2.Ukraine (K)    3.Chiapas (V)    4.Hispaniola (J)    5.Colombia (P)    6.Panama (T)    7.Argentina (X)    8.federation    9.oil    10.Moscow    11.exclave    12.naval base    13.Tuberculosis (TB)    14.permafrost    15.tundra    16.Lenin    17.Khrushchev    18.Aral    19.15    20.Putin    21.Mayan    22.Teotihuacan    23.Tenochtitlan    24.archipelago    25.mestizo    26.Nicaragua    27.vegetables,corn,wheat    28.Fidel Castro    29.Bay of Pigs    30.Cuban Missile Crisis    31.Puerto Rico    32.land    33.El Salvador    34.Costa Rica    35.ejido    36.NAFTA    37.land taken from Amerindians    38.west coast of South America    39.prison riots    40.Para    41.Rondonia    42.Chile    43.Pinochet    44.Ring of Fire    45.Indonesia (or Malaysia)    46.Roma    47.Boyne    48.The Troubles    49.Austria    50.Norway .... [please note: the last 7 are from Exam 1]

Fill-in-the-blank and Map Quiz. Please complete the sentence or respond to the question by listing the correct place. Then, on the base map provided, find the letter that corresponds with the place’s location. Write down that letter in the second blank. One (1) point per blank.

Lake (1)(a)____ (b)____, the world’s deepest lake is home to the Nerpa (a freshwater seal) and many other endemic flora and fauna. It is located in the Eastern Highlands of Russia.

In the Middle Ages, the Slavs emerged as the dominant culture in which is today the country of (2)(a)____ (b)____. Kiev, along with Novgorod, became the center of state known as a Rus.

The Mexican state of (3)(a)____(b) is a Mayan stronghold. It is the poorest of Mexico's 31 states.

In the Greater Antilles lies the island of (4)(a)____ (b)____, which is home to the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Here, one finds an example of "colonization of the heart". The colonizers of the
Dominican Republic were the Spanish; many of the citizens there today still accept the values of "whiteness"
promoted by these colonizers. On the other hand, the people of Haiti celebrate their African heritage.

In the 1880s, a French company tried to build a canal to be a short-cut between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The attempt was unsuccessful. In 1903, the US proposed a treaty with the country of (5)(a)____  (b)____to build the canal. The country said "no". A rebellion followed. The canal was built, and opened in 1914. The US controlled the canal until December 31, 1999, when the US formally turned the canal over to the country of (6)(a)____ (b)____.

In the country of (7)(a)____ (b)____, most of the people live in a subregion known as the Pampa. This is the country that was humiliated in the 1980s when the British defeated them in a brief war over the Falkland Islands off the coast of South America.

Fill-in-the-blank. Please complete the sentence with the most appropriate word, phrase, or brief sentence. Use correct spelling. Two (2) points per blank.

When the USSR was originally planned, it was implied to be a/an (8)____, meaning that power was to be
shared between the country's central government and its political subdivisions.

Prior to the collapse of the USSR, it was the world's leading producer of (9)____. Since much of the
resource lies outside Russia, much effort has recently gone into control the exploitation and export of this
resource.

The capital of the Russian Federation is (10)____. Red Square and the USSR's government building, known
as the Kremlin, are still the heart of the city.

Nagorno-Karabakh is a/an (11)____, meaning that is a bounded (or non-island) piece of territory that is part of
a particular country but lies separated from it by the territory of another country. It has been at the center of a
conflict between the countries of Armenia and Azerbaijan.

In Russia's Far East, one finds Vladivostok, which during the Soviet era was immensely important as the
USSR's key (12)____. Today, the Russian Far East is sometimes compared to the American Wild West.

While the population of Russia today is 145 million, some fear that it may have declined to 80 to 100
million by 2050. One of the factors in this decline is health. HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases are growing problems, however, with almost 125,000 new cases each year, (13)____ is perhaps the most
worrisome disease. Ten percent of the prison population is affected and many cases are drug-resistant.

East of the Ural Mountains, one finds Siberia (the "sleeping land"). It is here in this bitterly cold
environment that one finds (14)____, where water in the ground is permanently frozen. Along the Arctic shore is the (15)____, a treeless plain where mosses, lichens, and some grasses survive. Further south is the taiga, the mostly coniferous forests that extend over vast reaches of Siberia.

In 1917, the communist party seized control of the Russian government. A man named (16)____ was elected the leader of this new government. He used the ideas of Marx, an economic and philosopher, to shape his vision of the USSR. Part of the idea was to move away from the exploitation of the workers by a handful of greedy capitalists.

In 1953, Stalin died. His successor was (17)____. While this ruler was certainly less ruthless than Stalin, he
was fairly ruthless in his dealings with the earth. One of the grand schemes implemented under his tenure was
the diversion of rivers feeding into the (18)____ Sea (in today's Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). The water was
diverted to grow cotton. Today, this is the site of what may well be the greatest environmental
disaster of the former USSR.

The Soviet hammer and sickle flag flew no more after December 25, 1991.. The USSR devolved into (19)___
(give the number) separate countries, the largest and most powerful being Russia.

In its first open democratic election since November, 1917, the people of Russia chose Yeltsin as their
president. He was re-elected, but after he lost the faith of much of the electorate, he stepped out of office on
December 31, 1999. At that point, an ex-KGB officer known as (20)____ stepped in as president; he has now been elected president by the populace.

The moderator of the video entitled “Central America: The Burden of Time” tells his audience that the (21)____ of Central America invented writing independently of its invention in the old world.

Under the Pyramid of the Sun in the first true urban center in Middle America was a seven-prong chamber,
which had symbolic significance. This pyramid is in the ancient city of (22)____.

The precursor to Mexico City was (23)____. It was built by the Mexica (or Aztecs, as we know them). The
Aztecs engaged in horrific human sacrifice.

A set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain is called a/an (24)____.

A/an (25)____ is a person of mixed white and Amerindian ancestry.

(26)____ is the republic run by the Sandinistas during the 1980s

People in continental Middle America tend to be comcentrated in the templada zone. In this zone, what
crop would you likely find being grown for export? (27)____

In 1959, a young revolutionary named (28)____ came into power in Cuba. After confiscating about $1 billion
of North American property and investments, the US turned against him. In 1961, the US was involved in an
unsuccessful invasion of Cuba, dubbed the (29)_____. In 1963, the US and the USSR came entirely too close to nuclear war during the (30)____.

In the Caribbean, citizens on the island of (31)____ have most of the rights of US citizens. They can come to
the US if they wish; however, they cannot vote for US President. With 60% of the populace living below the
poverty line, the islanders are not doing as well as one might expect.

In Central America, the region's recent history has been marked by inequity, repressive government,
external interference, and military force. The fundamental issue in much of this turbulence is (32)____.

In 2001, the Central American country of (33)____ has experienced devastating earthquakes. From about  1980 to 1992, the country was embroiled in a civil war.

The Central American country of (34)____ is the oldest democracy in Middle/South America. The country has
no standing army and provides universal/free public education. While not always successful, protection of the
natural environment is a priority of this country.

In Mexico, inequity in the distribution of land has been a perennial problem. In 1910, a man named Zapata
led a revolution aimed at creating a more equitable system. In 1917, a new constitution was adopted, establishing a land reform process wherein communal lands, called (35)____, would be redistributed to the peasant population. By the early 1990s, many of these progressive reforms had been rescinded. On January 1, 1994, a trade agreement called (36)___ came into force. Today, one of the outcomes of that trade agreements is the proliferation of assembly plants along the Mexican-US border.

The textbook states that "great haciendas were formed by land alienation". In this context, what does land alienation mean? (37)____

Per a study of the agricultural map on page 246 in the textbook, it is evident that some areas of South America are non-agricultural; where do most of these non-agricultural lands lie? (38)____

In Brazil today, one percent of the population controls 42% of the land and, at the other end of the scale, at
least 50% of all Brazilians suffer from chronic malnutrition. In the search of the poor for livelihood, many migrate
to the cities. They are just the latest of several migration streams to Sao Paulo. As illustrated in the "Power of
Place" video, Sao Paulo was first settled by Portuguese, followed by the Italians, blacks, and Japanese. Finally, the poor from northeastern Brazil began their migration. The cities of Brazil can be very dangerous places. For example, on February 18, 2001, Sao Paulo state was the site of (39)____. Initially, 18,000 were involved and this spread. At its conclusion, at least 18 people had died.

For the poor of Brazil, one option is to squat on idle lands, hoping to eventually be awarded title to the
land. The people who participate in the process of communal squatting are part of a social movement called the Landless Workers Movement. Others in Brazil seek livelihood in the world's largest tropical rainforest, the Amazon. Two major destinations are (40)___ state, where one finds TVs, VCRs, and other electronic goods being produced alongside the logging and ranching operations and (41)____ state, where one finds primarily subsistence farming and ranching.

In the country of (42)____, a socialist named Allende was elected in 1970. His defense minister led a coup d'etat in 1973. Allende died and the military man installed himself as dictator. Many political foes were killed during his 1973-1989 rule. In 1989, after allowing a democratic vote, he was not elected and so installed himself as commander of the Army. In 1998, he named himself senator-for-life. He is now under house arrest, pending a determination of whether or not he is fit to stand trial for the political crimes of his regime. This man is (43)____

Three-fourths of the volcanoes and 2/3 of the large earthquakes occur in a zone known as the (44)____. A
recent earthquake, in the country of El Salvador, registered 7.6 on the Richter scale. An earthquake of this
magnitude is 1000 times as powerful as an earthquake registering 4.6.

The Southeast Asian country of (45)____ is almost entirely Af based upon the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification System (i.e., the climate supports a tropical rainforest).

In the Czech Republic, one finds several 100,000 people who, as an ethnic group, have historically been discriminated against. These people are gypsies, or (46)___.

In 1690, William of Orange defeated King James in the Battle of the (47)____. Religion figured very prominently in this battle, with the Protestants defeating the Catholics. Today the distrust, and even hatred, between some followers of these religions continues. The tension is probably at no time more evident than during the Orange Order's marching season, a period of parades, rituals, and bonfires that culminates each year on July 12. The violence, which escalated in the 1970s and 1980s (and has now subsided to a large extent), is called (48)____.

One of the Alpine states, the country of (49)____ was absorbed by Nazi Germany in 1938 and divided into occupation zones after the war. Today, the economy revolves around tourism, clothing production, forest industries, and some heavy industry.

One would find approximately 70,000 Sami people in the country of (50)____. After a period of discrimination, these reindeer herders are experiencing a revitalization of their culture.

Geography 152, Exam #2B

Key: 1.Ukraine (K)    2.Baikal(D)    3.Aral (F)    4.Colombia (P)    5.Panama (T)    6.Hispaniola (J)    7.Chiapas (V)    8.Chechnya    9.Tatar    10.Ural Mountains    11.Muslim    12.Barbarossa    13.gulag    14.tundra    15.taiga    16.openness    17.restructuring (of economy)    18.15    19.Yeltsin    20.Putin    21.Popul Vuh    22.Tikal    23.archipelago    24.hacienda    25.plantation    26.mestizo    27.corn, wheat, vegetables    28.Fidel Castro    29.Bay of Pigs    30.Cuban Missile Crisis     31.land    32.Arbenz    33.Zapata    34.ejido    35.El Salvador    36.altiplano    37.Inca    38.Falklands    39.Sao Paulo    40.Landless Workers Movement    41.Japan    42.west coast of South America    43.prison riot    44.ethnic cleansing    45.Township and Range    46.San Marino    47.fjord    48. Marshall Plan    49.Turks    50.Buda .... [please note: the last 7 are from Exam 1]

Fill-in-the-blank and Map Quiz. Please complete the sentence or respond to the question by listing the correct place [this is (a)]. Then, on the base map provided, find the letter that corresponds with the place’s location. Write down that letter in the second blank [this is (b)]. One (1) point per blank.

In the Middle Ages, the Slavs emerged as the dominant culture in which is today the country of (1)(a)____ (b)____. Kiev, along with Novgorod, became the center of state known as a Rus.

Lake (2)____ (b)____, the world’s deepest lake is home to the Nerpa (a freshwater seal) and many other endemic flora and fauna. It is located in the Eastern Highlands of Russia.

In 1953, Stalin died. His successor was Khrushchev. While this ruler was certainly less ruthless than Stalin, he
was fairly ruthless in his dealings with the earth. One of the grand schemes implemented under his tenure was
the diversion of rivers feeding into the (3)(a)____ (b)____Sea (in today's Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). The water was diverted to grow cotton. Today, this is the site of what may well be the greatest environmental
disaster of the former USSR.

In the 1880s, a French company tried to build a canal to be a short-cut between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The attempt was unsuccessful. In 1903, the US proposed a treaty with the country of (4)(a)____ (b)to build the canal. The country said "no". A rebellion followed. The canal was built, and opened in 1914. The US controlled the canal until December 31, 1999, when the US formally turned the canal over to the country of (5)(a)____ (b)____.

In the Greater Antilles lies the island of (6)(a)____ (b)____, which is home to the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Here, one finds an example of "colonization of the heart". The colonizers of the
Dominican Republic were the Spanish; many of the citizens there today still accept the values of "whiteness"
promoted by these colonizers. On the other hand, the people of Haiti celebrate their African heritage.

The Mexican state of (7)(a)____(b)____ is a Mayan stronghold. It is the poorest of Mexico's 31 states.

Fill-in-the-blank. Please complete the sentence with the most appropriate word, phrase, or brief sentence. Use correct spelling. Two (2) points per blank.

Russia still has many internal divisions. What is the internal republic of which Groznyy is the capital? (8)____. The (9)____ Republic is where Czar Ivan the Terrible conquered the Muslims and destroyed 400 mosques.

A physical feature, the (10)____, form the eastern limit of the Russian core (i.e., to the west lies the bulk of
population, government, and industry).

The Turkish people of Azerbaijan are known as Azeris. Their dominant religion is (11)____.

In "Russia's War" we learned about (12)____, the German campaign that the moderator called the most brutal
battle in recorded history. In response to this German invasion, Stalin put Order 270 into effect. Soviet soliders
who surrendered to the Germans were killed upon release and the wives of soldiers who surrendered were sent to the Soviet forced labor camps, known collectively as the (13)____.

East of the Ural Mountains, one finds Siberia (the "sleeping land"). It is here in this bitterly cold environment that one finds permafrost, where water in the ground is permanently frozen. Along the Arctic shore is the (14)____, a treeless plain where mosses, lichens, and some grasses survive. Further south is the (15)____, the mostly coniferous forests that extend over vast reaches of Siberia.

Mikhail Gorbachev, who came to power in 1985, introduced the words glasnost and perestroika. What do
these words mean?  glasnost: (16)____; perestroika: (17)____. He is credited with opening the USSR to the world once again, removing the Iron Curtain of secrecy and isolation, with little loss of life.

The Soviet hammer and sickle flag flew no more after December 25, 1991.. The USSR devolved into (18)___
(give the number) separate countries, the largest and most powerful being Russia.

In its first open democratic election since November, 1917, the people of Russia chose (19)____ as their
president. He was re-elected, but after he lost the faith of much of the electorate, he stepped out of office on
December 31, 1999. At that point, an ex-KGB officer known as (20)____ stepped in as president; he has now been elected president by the populace.

The Mayan creation story is found in the (21)_____. It is said that all is the same, only the names and fortunes
change. Human beings were given memory and thus the responsibility to bear time’s burden.
Around 800 AD, the place where the count of time was kept was deserted. This place is called (22)_____. It
remains a great mystery why much of the Mayan civilization collapsed about this time.

A set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain is called a/an (23)____.

A/an (24)____ is a Spanish agricultural institution, which was often quite large and symbolized wealth and
status. On the other hand, the (25)_____ is a large estate owned by a corporation or family and organized to
produce a cash crop.

A/an (26)____ is a person of mixed white and Amerindian ancestry.

People in continental Middle America tend to be comcentrated in the templada zone. In this zone, what crop would you likely find being grown as a subsistence crop? (27)____

In 1959, a young revolutionary named (28)____ came into power in Cuba. After confiscating about $1 billion
of North American property and investments, the US turned against him. In 1961, the US was involved in an
unsuccessful invasion of Cuba, dubbed the (29)_____. In 1963, the US and the USSR came entirely too close to nuclear war during the (30)____.

In Central America, the region's recent history has been marked by inequity, repressive government,
external interference, and military force. The fundamental issue in much of this turbulence is (31)____.

In 1951, (32)____ was democratically elected president of the country of Guatemala. In 1954, he was overthrown in the CIA-backed coup. A civil war, that basically pitted the Amerindians against the Mestizo, was fought from 1960 until 1996. By 1996, over 200,000 had died, about 50,000 had been "disappeared", and over 40,000 human rights violations had been documented.

In Mexico, inequity in the distribution of land has been a perennial problem. In 1910, a man named (33)____
led a revolution aimed at creating a more equitable system. In 1917, a new constitution was adopted, establishing a land reform process wherein communal lands, called (34)____, would be redistributed to the peasant population.

In 2001, the Central American country of (35)____ has experienced devastating earthquakes. From about  1980 to 1992, the country was embroiled in a civil war.

The Andean (36)___, defined as high-elevation plateaus or basins between even higher mountain ranges,
often lie at altitudes in excess of 10,000 feet.

The (37)____ were descendants of ancient peoples who created a major civilization in the northern Andes
around 1200 AD, centered on Peru’s Cuzco Basin.

In the country of Argentina, most of the people live in a subregion known as the Pampa. This is the country that
was humiliated in the 1980s when the British defeated them in a brief war over islands off the coast of South
America. These islands are the (38)____.

Brazil, the fifth largest country in the world, has 26 states and the federal district of Brasilia. Its largest city is (39)___.

For the poor of Brazil, one option is to squat on idle lands, hoping to eventually be awarded title to the
land. The people who participate in the process of communal squatting are part of a social movement called
(40)____. Others in Brazil seek livelihood in the world's largest tropical rainforest, the Amazon.

After Allende's death in 1973, Chile's doors were opened to the world. Today, Chile has trading partners
throughout the world. The country of (41)____ is Chile's single largest trading partner.

Per a study of the agricultural map on page 246 in the textbook, it is evident that some areas of South America are non-agricultural; where do most of these non-agricultural lands lie? (42)____

In Brazil today, one percent of the population controls 42% of the land and, at the other end of the scale, at
least 50% of all Brazilians suffer from chronic malnutrition. In the search of the poor for livelihood, many migrate
to the cities. They are just the latest of several migration streams to Sao Paulo. As illustrated in the "Power of
Place" video, Sao Paulo was first settled by Portuguese, followed by the Italians, blacks, and Japanese. Finally, the poor from northeastern Brazil began their migration. The cities of Brazil can be very dangerous places. For example, on February 18, 2001, Sao Paulo state was the site of (43)____. Initially, 18,000 were involved and this spread. At its conclusion, at least 18 people had died.

The forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by a stronger power bent on taking their territories is known as (44)____.

In the USA, the Ordinance of 1785 established the (45)____ system. In the midwest and west, land was
marked off in 6-mile squares, with each one square mile being divided into four parcels of 160 acres each.
These squares are numbered and, as a result, this system is an example of absolute location

In Europe, there are five "microstates", tiny independent countries. The oldest country in Europe is a microstate; it is the country of (46)____, located within the larger country of Italy.

In the country of Iceland, one finds (47)____, the long, narrow extensions of the sea into the land; these extensions are usually edged by steep valley walls.

After World War II, much of Europe was in ruins. Reconstruction was greatly aided by billions of dollars
from the United States’ (48)___ (1948-1952)

On the  island country of Cyprus, in the Mediterranean, two nationalities of people, the Greeks and the
(49)____, have engaged in a long-standing conflict. Both claim authority.

The Hungarians (Magyars) are actually of Asian origin (not Slavic or Germanic). They built an empire
and today one finds fairly large populations of Hungarians not only in Hungary but in Slovakia, Romania,
Slovenia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia. In Hungary, its biggest city (by far) is actually two cities, one on each side
of the Danube. These are the cities of (50)___ and Pest, although people usually put the two together and talk
about the twin-cities as one.

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Geography 152, Exam #1A

Key: 1.spatial    2.ethnic cleansing    3.Township and Range    4.Lexington    5.isoline    6.Holocene    7.sequent occupance    8.Ring of Fire    9.1000    10.Himalaya    11.    Indonesia or Malaysia    12.Pyrenees, Appennines, Dinaric Alps, or Carpathians    13. (P) Spain/France border, (A) Italy, (D) Balkan Peninsula, (C) Romania/Ukraine    14.nation-state    15.implosion    16.Athens    17.Poland    18.Roma    19.Chernobyl nuclear reactor #4 explosion
20.Greece    21.Renaissance    22.Indo-European    23.European Union (EU)    24.San Marino    25.Berlin Wall
26.Wales (or Northern Ireland)    27.Northern Ireland (or Wales)    28.Switzerland    29.Finland    30.fjords    31.Iberian
32.Bosnia    33.Kosovo    34.balkanization    35.latitude    36.Equator    37.Napoleon    38.Marshall Plan    39.potato
40.Turks    41.Yugoslavia    42.Buda    43.mercantilism    44.Basque    45.primate    46.Lander    47.Netherlands    48.Boyne    49.The Troubles    50.Austria

Fill-in-the-blank. Please complete the sentence with the most appropriate word, phrase, or brief sentence. Use correct spelling. Two (2) points per blank.

Geography is a/an (1)____ science, meaning that geography pertains to space on the Earth's surface.

The forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by a stronger power bent on taking their territories is known as (2)____.

In the USA, the Ordinance of 1785 established the (3)____ system. In the midwest and west, land was
marked off in 6-mile squares, with each one square mile being divided into four parcels of 160 acres each.
These squares are numbered and, as a result, this system is an example of absolute location

Imagine you have four maps, all 17" X 20". One map shows Lexington, KY; another shows the USA east
of the Mississippi River; a third shows North America; and a fourth depicts the globe. Which of the four has
the largest scale? (4)____

You are watching the TV weather report. The meteorologist shows a map with lines connecting points of
equal temperature; this is an example of a/an (5)_____ map.

Starting about 3 million years ago, the Earth has experienced periods of very cold glaciations followed
by warmer periods. For the past 10,000 years, Earth has been in one of these warmer (interglacial) periods.
This current, interglacial period is named the (6)____.

Traveling around the USA, one might come upon a town where evidence of an ancient Native
American village is found, upon which was built a farming community, which was in turn replaced by a fairly
successful 19th century utopian commune. The term (7)___ is used to categorize these evolutionary stages in a
place’s cultural landscape.

Three-fourths of the volcanoes and 2/3 of the large earthquakes occur in a zone known as the (8)____. A
recent earthquake, in the country of El Salvador, registered 7.6 on the Richter scale. An earthquake of this
magnitude is (9)____ times as powerful as an earthquake registering 4.6.

In the video, “The Building of the Earth” we learned that 65 million years ago what is now the (10)____
Mountains was at the bottom of the sea.

The Southeast Asian country of (11)____ is almost entirely Af based upon the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification System (i.e., the climate supports a tropical rainforest).

Europe’s physical landscape includes the Central Uplands, Alpine Mountains, Western Uplands, and North European Lowlands. In the Alpine Mountains, you find the Alps. What is another mountain range that is part of this system? (12)___ located (13)___ (name country)

A/an (14)____ is defined as a political unit comprising a clearly delineated territory and inhabited by a substantial population, sufficiently well organized to possess a certain measure of power, the people considering themselves to be a nation, with certain emotional and other ties that are expressed in their most tangible form in the state's legal institutions, political system, and ideological strength.

Europe is experiencing the reverse of a population explosion. With the average woman in Europe bearing only 1.4 children (2.1 is the replacement rate), Europe is experiencing a phenomenon called a population (15)____.

In what city would you find the Acropolis, upon which is one of humanity’s great historic treasures, a temple called the Parthenon? (16)____

Silesia is a legacy of the communist period. Once an industrial heartland, its people are today faced with soil contaminated with heavy metals, severely polluted air, and other environmental problems. Silesia is in the country of (17)____

In the Czech Republic, one finds several 100,000 people who, as an ethnic group, have historically been discriminated against. These people are gypsies, or (18)___.

The Ukraine has traditionally been famous for its very productive soils and the role it has played as “breadbasket” for Eastern Europe. It was also, during Soviet times, an industrial area. Today, when one thinks of the Ukraine, the horrible environmental accident of 1986 comes to mind. What happened? (19)___

Even today, the western world (Europe, Canada, the United States, Australia) draws from the intellectual traditions of two mighty civilizations. The first, that of (20)____, peaked in the 4th century BC; art, architecture, as well as educational and governmental systems are part of its legacy. The second unified the largest European area ever.

After a period of almost 1,000 years (from about 500 to 1450 AD), a rebirth of western culture occurred. This rebirth is known as the (21)____.

The dominant language family in Europe is (22)___. This language family includes the Germanic languages (e.g., German and English), the Romance languages (e.g., Spanish and French), and the Slavic languages.

Europe is home to a very powerful "supranational" organization. It is the (23)____.

In Europe, there are five "microstates", tiny independent countries. The oldest country in Europe is a microstate; it is the country of (24)____, located within the larger country of Italy.

In 1949, Germany was split into a democratic West Germany and a communist East Germany. Within the bounds of East Germany lay a democratic West Berlin and a communist East Berlin. By 1961, 13 million people had crossed into West Germany from the communist side. What was done in response? (25)____

Today, when one speaks of the United Kingdom, they are talking about England as well as Scotland, (26)____, and (27)____.

The country of (28)____ was originally a loose alliance of small sovereign units called Cantons. In the 19th century, when a stronger central authority was desired, this country was formed. This is a country that, while neutral, is heavily armed.

Of the five countries in northern Europe, the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are collectively known as Norden (or the North Countries). With the exception of those in the country of (29)____, all the northern populations speak languages with roots in a Germanic tongue.

In the country of Iceland, one finds (30)____, the long, narrow extensions of the sea into the land; these extensions are usually edged by steep valley walls.

Spain and Portugal lie on the (31)____ Peninsula. Spain is home to several nationalist groups, some of whom would like to be independent of Spain.

Yugoslavia means the "Land of the South Slavs". Since 1918, the dominant nation/ethnic/political group in this country has been the Serbs. Starting in 1990, the less dominant nations began to declare independence from this entity. In March, 1992, when (32)____ declared independence, a horrible civil war broke out between the Muslim, Serb, and Croat populations. About 250,000 died in this war. Today, the most volatile part of this area is (33)____, a province of 90% Albanian Muslim and 10% Orthodox Serb.

The recurrent division, splintering, and fragmentation of southern Eastern Europe has come to be known as (34)____.

Location can be either absolute or relative. If I told you that Kentucky is located at 37 degrees, 30 minutes north and 85 degrees west, this is an example of absolute location. The parallel lines of (35)____ are used to determine locations north and south, with 0 (zero) degrees lying where? (36)____

A European who was at his height of power from 1799 to 1815 is credited with laying the foundations
of the modern nation-state. This person is (37)____.

After World War II, much of Europe was in ruins. Reconstruction was greatly aided by billions of dollars
from the United States’  (38)___ (1948-1952)

In the 1600s, a new crop came to Ireland from America. It grew well in the cool, moist Irish countryside.
It became the main food. When this crop failed in the 1840s, over 1 million Irish died of starvation and as
many as 2 million migrated. This food was the (39)____.

On the  island country of Cyprus, in the Mediterranean, two nationalities of people, the Greeks and the
(40)____, have engaged in a long-standing conflict. Both claim authority.

Interestingly, in Eastern Europe today, there’s a Slovakia and a Slovenia. These two countries were
formerly part of Czechoslovakia and (41)___.

The Hungarians (Magyars) are actually of Asian origin (not Slavic or Germanic). They built an empire
and today one finds fairly large populations of Hungarians not only in Hungary but in Slovakia, Romania,
Slovenia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia. In Hungary, its biggest city (by far) is actually two cities, one on each side
of the Danube. These are the cities of (42)___ and Pest, although people usually put the two together and talk
about the twin-cities as one.

In the 16th to 18th centuries, newly stabilizing countries in Europe were in fierce competition with each other. They fought to protect themselves against each other products, while trying to enrich themselves (particularly in gold and silver). In the search for these riches, a wave of colonialism began. This is the European period of (43)____.

One language spoken in Europe is unique; linguists do not know its roots or its age; this is the language of the (44)____.

A city that exemplifies the culture of the country - and is its largest city (and often its capital) is called
a/an (45)____ city. Paris, London, and Vienna are examples.

Germany has internal divisions (like our states) that are called (46)____.

The "low countries" are often referred to collectively as Benelux. One of these countries, a liberal
country that recently sanctioned gay marriages is also home to polders, the diked, drained land that is so
famous for its fertile soil and extremely high yields of vegetables and flowers. This is the country of (47)____.

In 1690, William of Orange defeated King James in the Battle of the (48)____. Religion figured very prominently in this battle, with the Protestants defeating the Catholics. Today the distrust, and even hatred, between some followers of these religions continues. The tension is probably at no time more evident than during the Orange Order's marching season, a period of parades, rituals, and bonfires that culminates each year on July 12. The violence, which escalated in the 1970s and 1980s (and has now subsided to a large extent), is called (49)____.

One of the Alpine states, the country of (50)____ was absorbed by Nazi Germany in 1938 and divided into occupation zones after the war. Today, the economy revolves around tourism, clothing production, forest industries, and some heavy industry.

Geography 152, Exam #1B

Key:    1.Sahel    2.longitude    3.Prime meridian    4.Indonesia (or Malaysia)    5.Pyrenees, Appennines, Dinaric, Carpathians    6.(P)Spain/France border    (A)Italy    (D)Balkan peninsula    (C)Romania/Ukraine    7.nation-state
8.implosion    9.Athens    10.Poland    11.Roma    12.Chernobyl nuclear reactor #4 explosion    13.Greece    14.Renaissance    15.Indo-European    16.European Union (EU)    17.San Marino    18.Berlin Wall    19.Northern Ireland (or Wales)    20. Wales (or Northern Ireland)    21.Switzerland    22.Finland    23.metes and bounds    24.Lexington    25.choropleth    26.monsoon, tropical short dry season    27.Pangaea    28.tectonic plates    29.basalt    30.Napoleon    31.Marshall Plan    32.potato    33.Turks    34.Yugoslavia    35.Buda    36.Romans    37.mercantilism    38.Basque    39.primate    40.Lander    41.Netherlands    42.Boyne    43.The Troubles    44.Austria    45.Norway    46.Denmark    47.Italy    48.Yugoslavia    49.Serbs    50.ethnic cleansing

Fill-in-the-blank. Please complete the sentence with the most appropriate word, phrase, or brief sentence. Use correct spelling. Two (2) points per blank.

The transition zone between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa is the (1)____, a semiarid steppeland.
Chronic drought, desertification, and overgrazing have contributed to severe famines in this area since
1970.

Location can be either absolute or relative. If I told you that Kentucky is located at 37 degrees, 30
minutes north and 85 degrees west, this is an example of absolute location. The lines of (2)____ are
used to determine locations west and east; the line running through Greenwich, England that was arbitrarily
set as 0 (zero) degrees is called the (3)____.

The Southeast Asian country of (4)____ is almost entirely Af based upon the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification System (i.e., the climate supports a tropical rainforest).

Europe’s physical landscape includes the Central Uplands, Alpine Mountains, Western Uplands, and North European Lowlands. In the Alpine Mountains, you find the Alps. What is another mountain range that is part of this system? (5)___ located (6)___ (name country)

A/an (7)____ is defined as a political unit comprising a clearly delineated territory and inhabited by a substantial population, sufficiently well organized to possess a certain measure of power, the people considering themselves to be a nation, with certain emotional and other ties that are expressed in their most tangible form in the state's legal institutions, political system, and ideological strength.

Europe is experiencing the reverse of a population explosion. With the average woman in Europe bearing only 1.4 children (2.1 is the replacement rate), Europe is experiencing a phenomenon called a population (8)____.

In what city would you find the Acropolis, upon which is one of humanity’s great historic treasures, a temple called the Parthenon? (9)____

Silesia is a legacy of the communist period. Once an industrial heartland, its people are today faced with soil contaminated with heavy metals, severely polluted air, and other environmental problems. Silesia is in the country of (10)____

In the Czech Republic, one finds several 100,000 people who, as an ethnic group, have historically been discriminated against. These people are gypsies, or (11)___.

The Ukraine has traditionally been famous for its very productive soils and the role it has played as “breadbasket” for Eastern Europe. It was also, during Soviet times, an industrial area. Today, when one thinks of the Ukraine, the horrible environmental accident of 1986 comes to mind. What happened? (12)___

Even today, the western world (Europe, Canada, the United States, Australia) draws from the intellectual traditions of two mighty civilizations. The first, that of (13)____, peaked in the 4th century BC; art, architecture, as well as educational and governmental systems are part of its legacy. The second unified the largest European area ever.

After a period of almost 1,000 years (from about 500 to 1450 AD), a rebirth of western culture occurred. This rebirth is known as the (14)____.

The dominant language family in Europe is (15)___. This language family includes the Germanic languages (e.g., German and English), the Romance languages (e.g., Spanish and French), and the Slavic languages.

Europe is home to a very powerful "supranational" organization. It is the (16)____.

In Europe, there are five "microstates", tiny independent countries. The oldest country in Europe is a microstate; it is the country of (17)____, located within the larger country of Italy.

In 1949, Germany was split into a democratic West Germany and a communist East Germany. Within the bounds of East Germany lay a democratic West Berlin and a communist East Berlin. By 1961, 13 million people had crossed into West Germany from the communist side. What was done in response? (18)____

Today, when one speaks of the United Kingdom, they are talking about England as well as Scotland, (19)____, and (20)____.

The country of (21)____ was originally a loose alliance of small sovereign units called Cantons. In the 19th century, when a stronger central authority was desired, this country was formed. This is a country that, while neutral, is heavily armed.

Of the five countries in northern Europe, the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are collectively known as Norden (or the North Countries). With the exception of those in the country of (22)____, all the northern populations speak languages with roots in a Germanic tongue.

In the USA, the Ordinance of 1785 established the Township and Range system. In the midwest and west, land was
marked off in 6-mile squares, with each one square mile being divided into four parcels of 160 acres each.
These squares are numbered and, as a result, this system is an example of absolute location. By contrast, in
Kentucky, our land was surveyed using a system called (23)____.

Imagine you have four maps, all 17" X 20". One map shows Lexington, KY; another shows the USA east
of the Mississippi River; a third shows North America; and a fourth depicts the globe. Which of the four has
the largest scale? (24)____

In a book on demography, you come across a map that shows infant mortality. Countries with infant mortalities of 0-10 are colored pale green. Countries with infant mortality rates of 11-25 are lime green, and so on. This map, where shading and colors are used to indicate the magnitude, is an example of a/an (25)____ map.

Being familiar with the Koppen-Geiger world climates system can be very useful. Say you are planning to
travel to the west coast of India, which has a climate designation of “Am.” This designation tells you that this
climate is (26)____.

Wegener’s theory, which he called Continental Drift, was proposed in the early 1900s. Based upon his observations, he maintained that the continents were once part of a “supercontinent” called (27)____. Today, we understand that great slabs of solid rock, propelled by very hot convection cells, do move; these slabs are known as (28)____.

In the video, “The Building of the Earth” we learned that 65 million years ago what is now the Himalayas was at the bottom of the sea. From this point, the film took us to Iceland, where molten rock spews up from fissures along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The cooled, black slag is called (29)____.

A European who was at his height of power from 1799 to 1815 is credited with laying the foundations
of the modern nation-state. This person is (30)____.

After World War II, much of Europe was in ruins. Reconstruction was greatly aided by billions of dollars
from the United States’ (31)___ (1948-1952)

In the 1600s, a new crop came to Ireland from America. It grew well in the cool, moist Irish countryside.
It became the main food. When this crop failed in the 1840s, over 1 million Irish died of starvation and as
many as 2 million migrated. This food was the (32)____.

On the  island country of Cyprus, in the Mediterranean, two nationalities of people, the Greeks and the
(33)____, have engaged in a long-standing conflict. Both claim authority.

Interestingly, in Eastern Europe today, there’s a Slovakia and a Slovenia. These two countries were
formerly part of Czechoslovakia and (34)___.

The Hungarians (Magyars) are actually of Asian origin (not Slavic or Germanic). They built an empire
and today one finds fairly large populations of Hungarians not only in Hungary but in Slovakia, Romania,
Slovenia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia. In Hungary, its biggest city (by far) is actually two cities, one on each side
of the Danube. These are the cities of (35)___ and Pest, although people usually put the two together and talk
about the twin-cities as one.

Even today, the western world (Europe, Canada, the United States, Australia) draws from the
intellectual traditions of two mighty civilizations. The first peaked in the 4th century BC; art,
architecture, as well as educational and governmental systems are part of its legacy. The second, that of
(36)____, unified the largest European area ever.

In the 16th to 18th centuries, newly stabilizing countries in Europe were in fierce competition with each other. They fought to protect themselves against each other products, while trying to enrich themselves (particularly in gold and silver). In the search for these riches, a wave of colonialism began. This is the European period of (37)____.

One language spoken in Europe is unique; linguists do not know its roots or its age; this is the language of the (38)____.

A city that exemplifies the culture of the country - and is its largest city (and often its capital) is called
a/an (39)____ city. Paris, London, and Vienna are examples.

Germany has internal divisions (like our states) that are called (40)____.

The "low countries" are often referred to collectively as Benelux. One of these countries, a liberal
country that recently sanctioned gay marriages is also home to polders, the diked, drained land that is so
famous for its fertile soil and extremely high yields of vegetables and flowers. This is the country of (41)____.

In 1690, William of Orange defeated King James in the Battle of the (42)____. Religion figured very prominently in this battle, with the Protestants defeating the Catholics. Today the distrust, and even hatred, between some followers of these religions continues. The tension is probably at no time more evident than during the Orange Order's marching season, a period of parades, rituals, and bonfires that culminates each year on July 12. The violence, which escalated in the 1970s and 1980s (and has now subsided to a large extent), is called (43)____.

One of the Alpine states, the country of (44)____ was absorbed by Nazi Germany in 1938 and divided into occupation zones after the war. Today, the economy revolves around tourism, clothing production, forest industries, and some heavy industry.

One would find approximately 70,000 Sami people in the country of (45)____. After a period of discrimination, these reindeer herders are experiencing a revitalization of their culture.

A peninsula and a group of islands make up the country of (46)____. This country has a highest percentage of cultivated land of any country in Europe. This country still has two dependencies, one the Faeroe Islands and the other Kalaalit Nunaat, which we know as Greenland.

In the country of (47)____, some in the richer north would like to separate from the poorer south. If that separation occurred, the northerners would likely call their new country Padania.

(48)____ means the "Land of the South Slavs". Since 1918, the dominant nation/ethnic/political group in this country has been the (49)____. Starting in 1990, the less dominant nations began to declare independence from this entity. In March, 1992, when Bosnia declared independence, a horrible civil war broke out between the Muslim, Serb, and Croat populations. About 250,000 died in this war.

The forcible ouster of entire populations from their homelands by a stronger power bent on taking their territories is known as (50)____.